What is the Back-End?

이 글은 웹개발 중 백엔드(Back-end)에 관한
기본 개념을 정리하기 위해 작성하였습니다.

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< Front and Back >

While the front-end is the part of the website that makes it to the browser, the back-end consists of all the behind-the-scenes processes and data that make a website function and send resources to clients.

 

 

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< So What is the Back-end? >

When we eat at a restaurant, we’ll order to our tastes, make substitutions, etc; the result is a dining experience unique to us. Aside from that, there’s a lot happening behind the scenes to make a restaurant work: ingredients are ordered from suppliers, new menus are designed, and employees’ schedules are created.
Similarly, to make a web application that runs smoothly, the back-end is doing a lot more than simply sending assets to browsers.

 

 

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< The Web Server >

A web server is a process running on a computer that listens for incoming requests for information over the internet and sends back responses. Each time a user navigates to a website on their browser, the browser makes a request to the web server of that website.

Every website has at least one web server.

 

• The collection of programming logic required to deliver dynamic content to a client, manage security, process payments, and myriad other tasks is sometimes known as the “application” or application server.
  The application server can be responsible for anything from sending an email confirmation after a purchase to running the complicated algorithms a search engine uses to give us meaningful results.

 

< 출처 : Codecademy.com Backend Cource >

 

Reference :

What is a Web Server ?

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/What_is_a_web_server

What is a web server? - Learn web development | MDN

 

Introduction to the Server Side

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction

Introduction to the server side - Learn web development | MDN

 

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< Storing Data >

The back-ends of modern web applications include some sort of database, often more than one.
Databases are collections of information. There are many different databases, but we can divide them into two types: relational databases and non-relational databases (also known as NoSQL databases).

 

< Database Two Types>

1. Relational databases store information in tables with columns and rows.
SQL, Structured Query Language, is a programming language for accessing and changing data stored in relational databases.
: Popular relational databases include MySQL and PostgreSQL

2. non-relational databases might use other systems such as key-value pairs or a document storage model.
: Popular NoSQL databases include MongoDB and Redis.

 

< 출처 : Codecademy.com Backend Cource >

 

 

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< What is an API? >

API stands for Application Program Interface and can mean a lot of different things.

Web API is a collection of predefined ways of, or rules for, interacting with a web application’s data, often through HTTP request-response cycle. 

 

• Unlike the HTTP requests a client makes when a user navigates to a website’s URL, this type of request indicates how it would like to interact with a web application’s data (create new data, read existing data, update existing data, or delete existing data), and it receives some data back as a response.

 

< 출처 : Codecademy.com Backend Cource >

 

 

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< Authentication and Authorization >

Two other concepts we’ll want our server-side logic to handle are authentication and authorization.

 

< Authentication >
Authentication is the process of validating the identity of a user. One technique for authentication is to use logins with usernames and passwords. These credentials need to be securely stored in the back-end on a database and checked upon each visit.

< Authorization >
Authorization controls which users have access to which resources and actions. Certain application views, like the page to edit a social media personal profile, are only accessible to that user. Other activities, like deleting a post, are often similarly restricted.

 

Reference :

About the basics of web architecture. 

About what is happening behind the scenes each time you visit a web page.

 

https://medium.com/storyblocks-engineering/web-architecture-101-a3224e126947

Web Architecture 101